The Adult dataset, also known as the Census Income dataset, is a well-known dataset used for binary classification tasks.
It contains information about individuals, such as age, education, occupation, and income, with the goal of predicting whether an individual’s income exceeds $50,000 per year.
In this example, we’ll load the Adult dataset using fetch_openml from scikit-learn, perform hyperparameter tuning using GridSearchCV with common XGBoost parameters, save the best model, load it, and use it to make predictions.
from sklearn.datasets import fetch_openml
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV, train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import OrdinalEncoder, LabelEncoder
from sklearn.compose import ColumnTransformer
from xgboost import XGBClassifier
import numpy as np
from collections import Counter
# Load the Adult dataset
adult = fetch_openml('adult', as_frame=True)
X, y = adult.data, adult.target
# Print key information about the dataset
print(f"Dataset shape: {X.shape}")
print(f"Features: {adult.feature_names}")
print(f"Target variable: {adult.target_names}")
print(f"Class distributions: {Counter(y)}")
# Encode categorical variables
nominal = ['workclass', 'education', 'marital-status', 'occupation', 'relationship', 'race', 'sex', 'native-country']
transformer = ColumnTransformer(transformers=[('ordinal', OrdinalEncoder(), nominal)], remainder='passthrough')
# Perform ordinal encoding
X = transformer.fit_transform(X)
# Encode target variable
y = LabelEncoder().fit_transform(y)
# Split data into train and test sets
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42, stratify=y)
# Define parameter grid
param_grid = {
'max_depth': [3, 4, 5],
'learning_rate': [0.1, 0.01, 0.05],
'n_estimators': [50, 100, 200],
'subsample': [0.8, 1.0],
'colsample_bytree': [0.8, 1.0]
}
# Create XGBClassifier
model = XGBClassifier(objective='binary:logistic', random_state=42, n_jobs=1)
# Perform grid search
grid_search = GridSearchCV(estimator=model, param_grid=param_grid, cv=3, n_jobs=-1)
grid_search.fit(X_train, y_train)
# Print best score and parameters
print(f"Best score: {grid_search.best_score_:.3f}")
print(f"Best parameters: {grid_search.best_params_}")
# Access best model
best_model = grid_search.best_estimator_
# Save best model
best_model.save_model('best_model_adult.ubj')
# Load saved model
loaded_model = XGBClassifier()
loaded_model.load_model('best_model_adult.ubj')
# Use loaded model for predictions
predictions = loaded_model.predict(X_test)
# Print accuracy score
accuracy = loaded_model.score(X_test, y_test)
print(f"Accuracy: {accuracy:.3f}")
Running the example, you will see results similar to the following:
Dataset shape: (48842, 14)
Features: ['age', 'workclass', 'fnlwgt', 'education', 'education-num', 'marital-status', 'occupation', 'relationship', 'race', 'sex', 'capitalgain', 'capitalloss', 'hoursperweek', 'native-country']
Target variable: ['class']
Class distributions: Counter({'<=50K': 37155, '>50K': 11687})
Best score: 0.859
Best parameters: {'colsample_bytree': 1.0, 'learning_rate': 0.1, 'max_depth': 5, 'n_estimators': 100, 'subsample': 0.8}
Accuracy: 0.862
In this example, we load the Adult dataset using fetch_openml from scikit-learn. We print key information about the dataset, including its shape, feature names, and target variable.
We preprocess the data by encoding all categorical inputs with an OrdinalEncoder and encoding the target with a LabelEncoder.
Next, we define a parameter grid for hyperparameter tuning and create an instance of XGBClassifier. We perform a grid search using GridSearchCV with 3-fold cross-validation, fit the grid search object, and print the best score and corresponding best parameters.
We access the best model using best_estimator_, save it to a file named ‘best_model_adult.ubj’, and demonstrate loading the saved model using load_model().
Finally, we use the loaded model to make predictions on the test set and print the accuracy score.
By following this approach, you can easily perform hyperparameter tuning on the Adult dataset using XGBoost, save the best model, and use it for making predictions.